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1.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 42: e2023023, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514848

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of off-label and unlicensed prescriptions for a population of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a hospital in southern Santa Catarina. Methods: Observational study with a cross-sectional design. All neonates admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the period from March 2020 to March 2021 were included. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire made by the authors and the classification of drugs based on the Electronic Drug Description (Bulário Eletrônico) of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency and Drug Dex-Micromedex. Results: Data from 296 neonates were evaluated. The prevalence was 50,7% for prescribing off-label medications and 37,2% for unlicensed medications. The use of drugs was higher in preterm neonates, with low birth weight, 1st minute Apgar between 6-8, 5th minute Apgar between 7-8, and in need of invasive procedures. The most used off-label drugs were ampicillin, gentamicin and fentanyl (92.6, 92.0 and 26.6%, respectively), whereas the most used unlicensed drugs were caffeine, phenobarbital and bromopride (78.1, 16.3 and 10.9%, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed a large percentage of prescriptions made in the off-label (50.7%) and unlicensed (37.2%) form in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, corroborating the worrying world scenario. The most exposed neonates were precisely the most vulnerable ones and, among the most commonly prescribed medications, ampicillin and gentamicin stood out in off-label form and caffeine in unlicensed form.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de prescrições off-label e não licenciadas uma população de neonatos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal em um hospital ao sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Estudo observacional com delineamento transversal. Foram incluídos todos os neonatos admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva durante o período de março de 2020 a março de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de questionário elaborado pelos autores, e a classificação dos medicamentos, com base no Bulário Eletrônico da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e no Drug Dex-Micromedex. Resultados: Foram avaliados dados de 296 neonatos. A prevalência foi de 50,7% para prescrição de medicações off-label e 37,2% para medicações não licenciadas. O uso dos fármacos foi maior em neonatos pré-termo, com baixo peso ao nascer, Apgar de 1o minuto entre 6-8, Apgar de 5o minuto entre 7-8, e com necessidade de procedimentos invasivos. Os fármacos off-label mais utilizados foram a ampicilina, gentamicina e fentanil (92,6, 92 e 26,6%, respectivamente), já os fármacos não licenciados mais utilizados foram a cafeína, fenobarbital e bromoprida (78,1, 16,3 e 10,9%, respectivamente). Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou grande porcentagem de prescrições realizadas de forma off-label (50,7%) e não licenciada (37,2%) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de análise, corroborando o preocupante cenário mundial. Os neonatos mais expostos foram justamente aqueles mais vulneráveis e, entre as medicações mais utilizadas, destacam-se a ampicilina e a gentamicina de modo off-label e a cafeína de modo não licenciado.

2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(2): e17702022, 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528356

ABSTRACT

Resumo Trata-se de um artigo embasado em opinião que procura refletir sobre o antagonismo estabelecido entre a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH) com o recorte específico para DE (Disfunção Erétil) direcionado ao acesso de medicamentos. É notório que a PNAISH apresenta objetivos que vão além da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, sobretudo, mesmo após 13 anos de sua publicação, não houve incorporação de medicamentos para tratar DE no âmbito SUS. O artigo foi desenvolvido com base no cenário observado no dia a dia de atendimento aos pacientes que recebem cuidados no Serviço Ambulatorial da Saúde Masculina de um Hospital de Alta Complexidade. Isto por constatar a dificuldade dos médicos em prescreverem medicamentos para DE, por ausência de padronização no contexto SUS. Importante ressaltar, nesta perspectiva, que a prescrição de medicamentos no âmbito SUS deve seguir fidedignamente a Rename; conforme preconiza o Decreto 7.508 e, se atentar à Resolução SS-83 de 2015, vigente no estado de São Paulo. Ela estabelece que o custo da dispensação de medicamentos não contemplados na Rename, por meio da judicialização, prescritos por médico da rede estadual de saúde, poderá ser custeado pela instituição ao qual este esteja vinculado.


Abstract This is an opinion-based article that aims to reflect on the antagonism established between the National Policy of Integral Attention to Men's Health (PNAISH) with specific focus on ED (Erectile Dysfunction), directed to access to medication. It is well-known that PNAISH presents objectives that go beyond sexual and reproductive health, especially, even after 13 years of its publication, since there was no incorporation of medications to treat ED within the SUS. This article was developed based on the scenario observed in the daily care of patients who undergo treatment in the Men's Health Outpatient Service of a High-Complexity Hospital. According to this perspective, it is important to emphasize, that the prescription of medications within the SUS should faithfully follow the Rename; as recommended by Decree 7,508, observing the Resolution SS-83 of 2015, in the state of São Paulo. This establishes that the cost of dispensing medications not included in the SUS pharmaceutical assistance protocols, through judicialization, prescribed by a physician in the state health network, may be funded by the institution to which this physician is affiliated.

3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535399

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En Colombia son escasos los datos sobre el uso de los inhaladores en pacientes con EPOC. Objetivo: Describir la técnica de uso de inhaladores de dosis medida y polvo seco en pacientes de un hospital colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en pacientes mayores de 40 años con EPOC atendidos en un hospital en La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia, entre el 1 de septiembre de 2019 al 31 de enero de 2020. La unidad de análisis fueron los pacientes. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y lista de chequeo para uso de inhaladores. Se aplicaron frecuencias y proporciones para variables discretas, estadísticas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables continuas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 104 pacientes con edad media de 73,6 ± 10,1 años; 57 eran mujeres (54,8 %). Además, 48 pacientes estaban clasificados como GOLD-D (46,2 %). Igualmente, 89 pacientes manifestaron haber recibido educación sobre el uso de broncodilatadores (85,6 %). Los más frecuentes fueron los inhaladores de dosis medida (DM) en 95 casos (91,3 %), seguido de los de polvo seco unidosis (7,7 %). Así mismo, 37 pacientes que usaron DM sin inhalocámara (35,6 %) no cumplieron los pasos de la lista de chequeo. En el sistema multidosis, el más realizado fue cerrar de manera adecuada el inhalador y el menos ejecutado, expulsar el aire lentamente evitando hacerlo cerca del inhalador (n = 6; 5,7 %). Discusión: Se lograron describir las características de la técnica de uso de los inhaladores en pacientes con EPOC. A pesar de que ningún paciente logró utilizar el inhalador de forma "perfecta", la mayoría han recibido educación por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de pacientes usa inadecuadamente los dispositivos para suministrar los broncodilatadores. Esto puede impactar negativamente en el control de la enfermedad.


Introduction: In Colombia, there is limited data on the use of inhalers in patients with COPD. Objective: The objective was to describe the technique of using metered-dose inhalers and dry powder in patients in a Colombian hospital. Methods: Observational, descriptive study of patients over 40 years of age with COPD, treated in a hospital in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia, between September 1st, 2019 and January 31st, 2020. The unit of analysis were patients in consultation. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, and a checklist for use of inhalers were included. Frequencies and proportions were applied for discrete variables, statistics of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables. Results: A total of 104 patients with an average age of 73.6 ± 10.1 years were included; 57 were women (54.8%). In addition, 48 patients were classified as GOLD-D (46.2%). Similarly, 89 patients reported having received education on the use of bronchodilators (85.6%). The most common were metered-dose (MD) inhalers in 95 cases (91.3%), followed by single-dose dry powder inhalers in eight patients (7.7%). Likewise, 37 patients who used DM without inhalochamber (35.6%) did not comply with the steps of the checklist. In the multidose system, the most performed was to properly close the inhaler and the least performed was to expel the air slowly, avoiding doing so near the inhaler (n=6; 5.7%). Discussion: The characteristics of the technique of using inhalers in patients with COPD were described. Although no patient was able to use the inhaler "perfectly", most have received education from health professionals. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients misuse the devices to deliver bronchodilators. This can negatively impact the control of the disease.

4.
Cogitare Enferm. (Online) ; 28: e90954, Mar. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1520769

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a adesão das prescrições médicas de medicamentos às recomendações para segurança do paciente por meio do checklist - Lista de Verificação de Segurança na Prescrição de Medicamentos. Método: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado entre maio a junho de 2022, com 341 prescrições médicas de medicamentos, numa emergência hospitalar no interior da Bahia - Brasil, cujos dados foram analisados através de análise descritiva. Resultados: 80% a 89% das prescrições tiveram adesão às recomendações de segurança; o item de maior adesão foi identificação da data da prescrição, menor adesão foi possuir medicamentos com nomes semelhantes identificados com caixa alta ou negrito. Cerca de 18,63% (n=514) dos medicamentos prescritos fazem parte da lista de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos de uso hospitalar. Conclusão: a avaliação das prescrições médicas de medicamentos evidenciou barreiras existentes na prática clínica, o que possibilita a elaboração de mecanismos mais efetivos para promoção da segurança do paciente.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the adherence of medical prescriptions to patient safety recommendations using the Medication Prescription Safety Checklist. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2022, with 341 medical prescriptions for medicines in a hospital emergency room in the interior of Bahia - Brazil, whose data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. Results: 80% to 89% of the prescriptions adhered to the safety recommendations; the item with the highest adherence was identification of the date of the prescription, and the lowest adherence was having drugs with similar names identified in upper case or bold. Around 18.63% (n=514) of the drugs prescribed are on the list of potentially dangerous drugs for hospital use. Conclusion: The evaluation of medical prescriptions for medicines highlighted existing barriers in clinical practice, which makes it possible to develop more effective mechanisms to promote patient safety.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de las prescripciones médicas a las recomendaciones de seguridad del paciente utilizando la checklist - Lista de verificación de la Seguridad de la Prescripción de Medicamentos. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal, realizado entre mayo y junio de 2022, con 341 prescripciones médicas de medicamentos, en la sala de urgencias de un hospital del interior de Bahia - Brasil, cuyos datos fueron analizados mediante análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Entre el 80% y el 89% de las prescripciones cumplieron las recomendaciones de seguridad; el punto con mayor cumplimiento fue la identificación de la fecha de la prescripción, y el de menor cumplimiento, que los medicamentos con nombres similares se identificaran en mayúsculas o en negrita. Alrededor del 18,63% (n=514) de los medicamentos prescriptos figuran en la lista de medicamentos potencialmente peligrosos de uso hospitalario. Conclusiones: La evaluación de las prescripciones médicas de medicamentos puso de manifiesto los obstáculos existentes en la práctica clínica, lo que permite desarrollar mecanismos más eficaces para promover la seguridad de los pacientes.

5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1444539

ABSTRACT

Analisar o perfil das intervenções farmacêuticas providas pelos farmacêuticos clínicos por meio da análise de prescrições médicas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) adulto generalista. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, prospectivo e observacional, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na UTI de um hospital público referência em urgência e trauma do estado de Goiás. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho a agosto do ano de 2022, por meio da análise diária das prescrições. Resultados: A população estudada compreendeu 74 pacientes, em sua maioria do sexo masculino (68,92%), hipertensos (27,03%), e diabéticos (14,86%). Foram analisadas 568 prescrições, e identificados 489 problemas relacionados a medicamentos, sendo os mais prevalentes: medicamento inapropriado/desnecessário ou contraindicado (30,67%) e necessidade de medicamento adicional (24,34%). As classes de medicamentos mais envolvidas nos problemas foram: anti-infecciosos gerais para uso sistêmico (23,72%), e agentes do sistema nervoso (23,11%). Das intervenções farmacêuticas promovidas, 84,25% foram aceitas, com maior frequência: suspender medicamento (30,67%) e iniciar terapia medicamentosa (23,72%). Conclusão: Diante dos resultados apresentados, nota-se a boa taxa de aceitabilidade das intervenções, destacando a importância da atuação do farmacêutico clínico dentro da UTI na prevenção de problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia, bem como na melhoria dos desfechos terapêuticos


To analyze the profile of pharmaceutical interventions provided by clinical pharmacists through the analysis of medical prescriptions in a generalist adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, prospective and observational study, with a quantitative approach, conducted in the ICU of a public hospital that is a reference in emergency and trauma in the state of Goiás. Data were collected from June to August of 2022, through the daily analysis of prescriptions. Results: The population being studied comprised 74 patients, mostly male (68.92%), hypertensive (27.03%), and diabetic (14.86%). 568 prescriptions were analyzed, and 489 problems related to medication were identified, the most prevalent being: inappropriate/unnecessary or contraindicated medication (30.67%) and need for additional medication (24.34%). The drug classes most involved in the problems were: general anti-infectives for systemic use (23.72%) and nervous system agents (23.11%). Of the promoted pharmaceutical interventions, 84.25% were accepted, most frequently: discontinuing medication (30.67%) and starting medication therapy (23.72%). Conclusion: In view of the results presented, there is a good rate of acceptability of the interventions, highlighting the importance of the role of the clinical pharmacist within the ICU in preventing problems related to pharmacotherapy, as well as in improving therapeutic outcomes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pharmacists , Intensive Care Units , Prescriptions
6.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 31: e3296PT, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449529

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo aborda as condutas preconizadas pelos conselhos de medicina do Brasil relacionadas à "alta médica a pedido". Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e exploratória, que buscou identificar e analisar diversas manifestações dos conselhos acerca de questionamentos e dúvidas suscitadas pelos médicos quando se deparavam com pedidos de alta médica. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método de análise hipotético-dedutivo. A partir da problemática apresentada (insegurança ético-jurídica dos médicos no deferimento dos pedidos de alta), levantaram-se as soluções propostas às questões atinentes ao tema destinadas aos conselhos de medicina. Elas foram analisadas criticamente à luz do ordenamento ético-jurídico, com vistas a proporcionar ao médico maior segurança e tranquilidade na condução desse procedimento.


Abstract This paper examines the procedures recommended by Brazilian medical councils regarding "discharge against medical advice". An exploratory and documentary research was conducted to identify and analyze several council publications regarding questions and doubts raised by physicians when faced with discharge requests. Solutions proposed to the issue at hand (ethical-legal insecurity of physicians in authorizing discharges) were analyzed based on ethical-legal frameworks, aiming to provide physicians with greater security and tranquility in conducting this procedure.


Resumen Este artículo discute la conducta recomendada por los consejos de medicina de Brasil respecto al "alta médica por solicitud". Se trata de una investigación documental y exploratoria, que pretendió identificar y analizar diversas manifestaciones de los consejos sobre los interrogantes y dudas planteadas por los médicos ante las solicitudes de alta médica. Para ello, se utilizó el método de análisis hipotético-deductivo. Con base en el problema presentado (inseguridad ético-jurídica de los médicos en la concesión de solicitudes de alta), se plantearon propuestas de solución a cuestiones relacionadas con el tema dirigidas a los consejos de medicina. Se utilizó la perspectiva ética-jurídica, con el objetivo de brindar mayor seguridad y tranquilidad al médico en la realización de este procedimiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Discharge , Physician-Patient Relations , Drug Prescriptions , Personal Autonomy , Patient Rights , Decision Making , Hospice Care
7.
Clin. biomed. res ; 43(2): 100-108, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1517446

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O uso extensivo de medicamentos não padronizados causa aumento de custos em saúde, além de potencial redução de segurança e uso racional de medicamentos. A Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica orienta a prescrição de medicamentos, por meio da avaliação e seleção de medicamentos a serem incluídos no formulário de medicamentos padronizados, com base nas melhores evidências científicas disponíveis e no perfil dos pacientes locais, promovendo o uso racional de medicamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as solicitações de fornecimento de medicamentos não padronizados na instituição. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e descritivo onde foram analisadas as solicitações de medicamentos não padronizados realizadas entre fevereiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2021, identificando os medicamentos envolvidos e seus respectivos custos. Resultados: Foram realizadas 203 solicitações no período, sendo 174 incluídas no estudo. Os medicamentos que tiveram mais solicitações foram o rituximabe (41), a imunoglobulina humana (31), o sucralfato (23), a nitazoxanida (12) e o eltrombopague (7). As solicitações com maior custo foram as de imunoglobulina humana (US$ 799,702.38), rituximabe (US$ 717,320.26), eltrombopague (US$ 281,062.50), ruxolitinibe (US$ 167,867.46) e bortezomibe (US$ 149,033.52). As principais clínicas que solicitaram medicamentos não padronizado foram a neurologia (47), a hematologia (30), as moléstias infecciosas e parasitárias (17), e a anestesiologia (12). As solicitações de maior custo foram realizadas pela neurologia (US$ 145,519.08), hematologia (US$ 120,980.25), transplante de medula óssea (US$ 51,635.11) e dermatologia (US$ 44,813.40). Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que há um fluxo estruturado de solicitação de medicamentos não padronizados na instituição, sendo uma importante ferramenta de gerenciamento dessas solicitações, evitando a aquisição desnecessária de itens que não compõem o elenco terapêutico do hospital.


Introduction: Widespread use of non-formulary drugs (NFD) increases cost and may reduce safety and rational use of medicines. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee provides guidance on drug prescription by evaluating and selecting medications to be included in a hospital's formulary based on best scientific evidence available and local patients' profile, promoting rational use of medicines. The objective of this study was to assess non-formulary drugs prescriptions at a tertiary hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study. NFD prescribed and its associated costs were assessed through NFD request forms received from February 2016 to December 2021. Results: A total of 203 NFD request forms were received, from which 174 were included in this study. The most frequently prescribed NFD included rituximab (n = 41), immunoglobulin (31), sucralfate (23), nitazoxanide (12), and eltrombopag (7), with the highest costs being with immunoglobulin (US$ 799,702.38), rituximab (US$ 717,320.26), eltrombopag (US$ 281,062.50), ruxolitinib (US$ 167,867.46), and bortezomib (US$ 149,033.52). The most frequent requesting specialties were neurology (n = 47), hematology (30), infectious disease (17) and anesthesiology (12), and highest costs requests were from neurology (US$ 145,519.08), hematology (US$ 120,980.25), bone marrow transplant unit (US$ 51,635.11), and dermatology (US$ 44,813.40). Conclusion: This study showed that a structured request flow for NFD prescription is a critical procedure in order to better manage drug prescription within the hospital, promoting rational use of medicines and preventing unnecessary spending with drugs for which the clinical indication may be covered by a drug already in the hospital's formulary.


Subject(s)
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee/organization & administration , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Drug Utilization/legislation & jurisprudence , Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data
8.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 23: e220048, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1448793

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare antibiotic prescriptions for endodontic infections of last-year undergraduate Dentistry students and dental surgeons from Brazil. Material and Methods: A questionnaire comprised of 15 questions was applied, including a series of hypothetical clinical cases through multiple choice questions. The survey respondents had the option to respond in favor or against the prescription of antimicrobials in each case. Afterwards, the commented answer keys of all topics contained in the survey form were released for educational purpose. Results: A total of 42 undergraduates and 115 dental surgeons answered the survey. Regarding the questions about antimicrobial prescriptions, 91.3% of the professional dentists and 69.8% of the dentistry students indicated that they prescribe antibiotics for a limited number of patients. However, when they responded about drug recommendations, most professionals (76.5%) and students (76.7%) chose to recommend antimicrobials without any clinical recommendation. Conclusion: In the groups herein evaluated, many antibiotic prescriptions could have been avoided. The rational use of these drugs is still a conduct that needs further disclosure and commitment among prescribers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Prescriptions , Students, Dental , Anti-Bacterial Agents/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Observational Studies as Topic
9.
Acta odontol. Colomb. (En linea) ; 13(2): 10-20, 20230000. tab, tab, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438247

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar el perfil prescriptivo de corticoides en pacientes que asistieron al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Odontológico de la ciudad de Formosa, Argentina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo, se analizaron las prescripciones de corticoides realizadas por odontólogos que atendieron en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Odontológico de la ciudad de Formosa desde marzo 2019 a febrero 2020. Las variables de estudio fueron: características demográficas del paciente, diagnóstico clínico odontológico, corticoide prescrito, dosis y forma farmacéutica. Resultados: de un total de 9.635 historias clínicas, se observaron 3.244 prescripciones de corticoides (33,6%). De acuerdo a los corticoides prescritos, se halló a la dexametasona para vía intramuscular y además se utilizó dexametasona en tratamientos combinados con dipirona para vía intramuscular e ibuprofeno para vía oral. Los diagnósticos relacionados con prescripción de estos medicamentos fueron: pulpitis, periodontitis apical aguda, flemón/absceso, entre otras. De acuerdo al valor intrínseco terapéutico potencial, los fármacos prescritos en el hospital odontológico son de valor elevado, esto significa que demostraron eficacia para el tratamiento, el diagnóstico o la prevención de enfermedades del ser humano. Conclusiones: el estudio de la utilización de medicamentos en el Hospital Odontológico de la ciudad de Formosa permitió observar situaciones donde los corticoides no están indicados. Además, se señala la prescripción excesiva de la vía intramuscular. A partir de los resultados obtenidos es necesario realizar una retroalimentación a los prescriptores, por lo que se sugieren intervenciones para elaborar propuestas de solución a los problemas identificados y formular políticas de medicamentos.


Objective: to identify the prescriptive profile of corticosteroids in patients who were treated at the Emergency Service of the Dental Hospital of the City of Formosa, Argentina. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was carried out, and corticosteroid prescriptions made by dentists who attended the Emergency Service of the Dental Hospital of the City of Formosa, from March 2019 to February 2020 were analyzed. The study variables were: demographic characteristics of the patient, dental clinical diagnosis, corticosteroid prescribed, dose, and pharmaceutical form. Results: Of 9,635 medical records, 3,244 corticosteroid prescriptions (33.6%) were observed. According to the prescribed corticosteroids, dexamethasone was found for the intramuscular route, and dexamethasone was also used in combined treatments with dipyrone for the intramuscular route and ibuprofen for the oral route. The diagnoses related to the prescription of these medications were: pulpitis, acute apical periodontitis, phlegmon/abscess, trauma, pericoronitis, hypersensitivity and alveolitis. According to the potential therapeutic intrinsic value, the drugs prescribed in the dental hospital are of high value, which means that they have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of diseases that affect humans. Conclusions: the study of the use of drugs in the Dental Hospital of the City of Formosa allowed us to observe situations where corticosteroids are not indicated. In addition, the excessive prescription of the intramuscular route is pointed out. Based on the results obtained, it is necessary to provide feedback to the prescribers, so it is suggested to continue with different interventions to develop proposals for solutions to the identified problems and formulate drug policies.


Subject(s)
Humans
10.
Rev. med. Urug ; 38(4): e38404, dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1424180

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los pacientes con 65 años o más, por su condición fisiológica, tienen mayor probabilidad de estar expuestos a reacciones adversas a medicamentos. Algunos riesgos están asociados a la carga anticolinérgica de la medicación, y otros al perfil de seguridad de cada uno de los fármacos. Objetivo: realizar un análisis de los tratamientos farmacológicos para los pacientes ≥65 años y su posible implicancia en la clínica, por los riesgos potenciales debido a reacciones adversas. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional, naturalístico, del tratamiento farmacológico de los pacientes ≥65 años de la policlínica del Hospital Vilardebó, entre mayo y agosto de 2021. Se calculó la carga anticolinérgica de los tratamientos y se efectuó una comparación de dicha carga con la de una muestra de pacientes menores de 65 años. Resultados: 356 pacientes (83,0%) ≥65 años tenían un riesgo alto de tener algún efecto por su carga anticolinérgica y este riesgo fue similar a los pacientes menores de 65 años. Un total de 344 pacientes estaban en tratamiento con alguna benzodiazepina, destacándose el uso de flunitrazepam (47,6%) y clonazepam (32,6%). A 289 pacientes (67,4%) se le prescribió algún antipsicótico y nueve pacientes estaban con más de dos antipsicóticos. Dos pacientes estaban en tratamiento con imipramina y 49 pacientes recibían algún antiparkisoniano. Conclusiones: los pacientes mayores de 65 años están expuestos a riesgos altos de padecer reacciones adversas a medicamentos como consecuencia de una alta carga anticolinérgica (similar a la de la población más joven estudiada) y de una acentuada polifarmacia. Además, se deberían evitar algunas prácticas, como la prescripción de ciertos tipos de benzodiacepinas, así como minimizar el uso de imipramina y antiparkisonianos. Es necesario buscar estrategias de formación que disminuyan o minimicen este potencial riesgo que repercute adversamente en la salud de los pacientes.


Summary: Introduction: patients aged 65 years or older are at increased risk for exposure to adverse drug reactions because of their physiological status. Some risks are associated with the anticholinergic burden of medication, and others with the safety profile of each drug. Objective: to perform an analysis of pharmacological treatments for patients aged 65 years old or older and their possible clinical implications, given the potential risks of adverse drug reactions. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, naturalistic, observational study of the pharmacological treatment of users aged 65 years old or older of the outpatient service at Vilardebó Hospital, between May and August 2021, was performed. A calculation was made of the anticholinergic burden of treatments and a comparison of this burden was made with a sample of patients under 65 years of age. Results: 356 patients (83.0%) ≥ 65 years old were at high risk of having some kind of effect from their anticholinergic burden and this risk was similar to patients younger than 65 years. A total of 344 patients were in treatment with a benzodiazepine. The prescription of flunitrazepam (47.6%) and clonazepam (32.6%) stood out. While 289 patients (67.4%) were in treatment with an antipsychotic, 9 patients were on more than 2 antipsychotics. Two patients were on imipramine and 49 patients were in treatment with some antiparkinsonian drugs. Conclusions: patients older than 65 years old are exposed to a high risk of suffering adverse drug reactions as a consequence of a high anticholinergic load (similar to that of the younger population studied) and a marked polypharmacy. In addition, some practices should be avoided, such as the prescription of certain types of benzodiazepines used in this population, as well as minimizing the use of imipramine and antiparkinsonian drugs. It is necessary to look for training strategies to minimize this potential risk that adversely affects the health of patients.


Introdução: pacientes com 65 anos ou mais, devido à sua condição fisiológica, estão mais propensos a serem expostos a reações adversas a medicamentos. Alguns riscos estão associados à carga anticolinérgica do fármaco e outros ao perfil de segurança de cada um dos medicamentos. Objetivo: realizar uma análise dos tratamentos farmacológicos para pacientes ≥ 65 anos de idade e sua possível implicação clínica, devido aos riscos potenciais decorrentes de reações adversas. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, observacional, naturalístico do tratamento farmacológico de pacientes ≥ 65 anos da Policlínica Hospitalar de Vilardebó, entre maio e agosto de 2021. A carga anticolinérgica dos tratamentos foi calculada e foi feita uma comparação com a de uma amostra de pacientes com menos de 65 anos. Resultados: 356 pacientes (83,0%) ≥ 65 anos apresentaram alto risco de ter algum efeito devido à sua carga anticolinérgica e esse risco foi semelhante aos pacientes com menos de 65 anos. Um total de 344 pacientes estava em tratamento com algum benzodiazepínico, com destaque para o uso de flunitrazepam (47,6%) e clonazepam (32,6%). 289 pacientes (67,4%) receberam algum antipsicótico e 9 pacientes estavam tomando mais de 2 antipsicóticos. Dois pacientes estavam sendo tratados com imipramina e 49 estavam recebendo um antiparkisoniano. Conclusões: pacientes com mais de 65 anos estão expostos a um alto risco de sofrer reações adversas a medicamentos em decorrência de uma carga anticolinérgica elevada (semelhante à da população mais jovem estudada) e de uma polifarmácia acentuada. Além disso, algumas práticas devem ser evitadas, como a prescrição de determinados tipos de benzodiazepínicos que são utilizados nessa população, além de minimizar o uso de imipramina e antiparkinsonianos. É necessário buscar estratégias de formação que reduzam ou minimizem esse risco potencial que afeta negativamente a saúde dos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Prescriptions , Aged , Patient Safety , Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage
11.
BrJP ; 5(4): 395-400, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420346

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the past twenty years, the number of deaths caused by opioid overdose has tripled in the United States. There is, in literature, a scarcity of up-to-date evidence regarding opioids consumption in the Brazilian scenario. The objectives of this study was to know, through a literary review, the pattern of opioid analgesics consumption in Brazil. METHODS: An integrative review of the literature, performed in the PubMed, BVS and Scielo databases from August 30 to October 22, 2020. The search strategy included the following terms, "Opioid-related disorders" or "Opioid epidemic" or "Opioid analgesics" and "Brazil". Inclusion criteria: published in the last five years; studies on humans. Exclusion criteria: studies not related to the objective of this review; letters, editorials, commentaries and secondary studies. RESULTS: The results showed patients' dissatisfaction with pain management when compared to patients from developed countries, the lack of knowledge and adequate public policies on the use of opioids among health professionals make them view opioids as the last treatment alternative. The practice of analgesic self-medication is frequent in patients with chronic diseases, which may be the cause of the low prescription of opioid analgesics by health professionals. CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that there is a lack of data related to the prescription and use of opioids in Brazil. Further studies should be conducted to assess the use of opioids in general medical practice.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Nos últimos 20 anos, o número de mortes causadas por overdose de opioides triplicou nos Estados Unidos. São escassas na literatura evidências atualizadas sobre o consumo de opioides no cenário brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer, por meio de revisão literária, o padrão de consumo de analgésicos opioides no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, BVS e Scielo, no período de 30 de agosto a 22 de outubro de 2020. A estratégia de busca incluiu os termos "Transtornos relacionados ao uso de opioides" ou "Epidemia de opioides" ou "Analgésicos opioides" e "Brasil". Critérios de inclusão: publicação nos últimos cinco anos; estudos em humanos. Critérios de exclusão: estudos não relacionados ao objetivo desta revisão; cartas, editoriais, comentários e estudos secundários. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram a insatisfação dos pacientes com o manejo da dor quando comparados a pacientes de países desenvolvidos, a falta de conhecimento e de políticas públicas adequadas sobre o uso de opioides entre os profissionais de saúde faz com que estes vejam os opioides como a última alternativa de tratamento. A prática da automedicação analgésica é frequente em pacientes com doenças crônicas, o que pode ser a causa da baixa prescrição de analgésicos opioides pelos profissionais de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: Faltam dados relacionados à prescrição e uso de opioides no Brasil. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar o uso de opioides na prática médica geral.

12.
Medisur ; 20(2)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405898

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: los antimicrobianos forman parte de la familia de fármacos que más se prescriben en el mundo. Sus altos niveles de disponibilidad y consumo han conducido a un uso desproporcionado e inapropiado de estos fármacos. Objetivo: evaluar la prescripción de antimicrobianos en niños hospitalizados en cuatro servicios clínicos del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal sobre la prescripción de antimicrobianos a pacientes en edad pediátrica. Se analizaron como variables: antimicrobiano indicado, dosis, subdosis, tiempo del tratamiento y diagnóstico al egreso. Resultados: se estudiaron 504 pacientes, a los que se les realizó 641 prescripciones, para una razón de 1,27 prescripciones por paciente. Se prescribió incorrectamente en el 32,3 % (n = 207) y no tenían indicación de tratamiento antimicrobiano 109 (17 %). El error más frecuente se produjo en el cálculo de la dosis a administrar y el tiempo de tratamiento en ambas categorías de estudio. El uso inadecuado de antimicrobiano fue mayor en las penicilinas (27 %), cefalosporinas (36 %) y las quinolonas (77 %). Mostraron mayor error de prescripción las enfermedades infecciosas 78 (32,6 %) y digestivas (62,5 %). Conclusiones: en los servicios clínicos estudiados se identificaron prácticas inadecuadas en la prescripción de antimicrobianos.


ABSTRACT Background: antimicrobials are part of the drugs family that are most prescribed in the world. Their high levels of availability and consumption have led to a disproportionate increase and inappropriate use of these drugs. Objective: to evaluate the prescription of antimicrobials in children hospitalized in four clinical services of the Paquito González Cueto Pediatric University Hospital in Cienfuegos. Methods: descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study on the prescription of antimicrobials to pediatric patients. The following variables were analyzed: indicated antimicrobial, dose, subdose, treatment time and diagnosis at discharge. Results: 504 patients were studied, who received 641 prescriptions, for a ratio of 1.27 prescriptions per patient. It was incorrectly prescribed in 32.3% (n = 207) and there was no indication for antimicrobial treatment in 109 (17%). The most frequent error occurred in the calculation of the dose to be administered and the treatment time in both study categories. Inappropriate antimicrobial use was higher for penicillins (27%), cephalosporins (36%), and quinolones (77%). Infectious diseases 78 (32.6%) and digestive diseases (62.5%) showed a greater prescription error Conclusions: inadequate practices in the prescription of antimicrobials were identified in the clinical services studied.

13.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 17(44): 2432, 20220304. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1380388

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A não conformidade de prescrições de medicamentos com normativas que regulamentam esse processo é uma realidade do processo de cuidado em saúde. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar prescrições médicas e odontológicas do sistema primário de saúde do município de Angicos, Rio Grande do Norte de acordo com a legislação em vigor. Métodos: Desenvolveu-se estudo transversal de caráter descritivo-exploratório. Constituíram objeto de análise segundas vias de prescrições e receituário de controle especial elaborados por todos os médicos e odontólogos lotados na atenção primária desse município, no período de janeiro a junho de 2018. Verificaram-se itens como presença de nome do paciente, idade, sexo, via de administração, dosagem/concentração, duração do tratamento, nomenclatura do medicamento, carimbo e assinatura do prescritor. Resultados: Analisaram-se 3.725 prescrições, em que 566 (15,19%) estavam não conformes com a legislação, sendo mais problemáticos os itens identificação do usuário (68,02%), data da prescrição (34,10%), nomenclatura do medicamento por denominação comum brasileira/internacional (18,02%), duração do tratamento (13,96%) e posologia (10,60%). Conclusões: Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de que estratégias de educação permanente e fiscalização quanto ao cumprimento da legislação sejam desenvolvidas de forma mais assídua.


Introduction: The non-compliance of drug prescriptions with regulations that control this process is a reality of the health care process. Objectives: Thus, this study aimed to analyze medical and dental prescriptions of the primary health system in the city of Angicos-Rio Grande do Norte, in accordance with the current law. Methods: Accordingly, a cross-sectional descriptive-exploratory study was conducted. Second copies of prescriptions and special control prescriptions prepared by all physicians and dentists working in primary health care in this municipality, from January to June 2018, were analyzed. Information included the patient's name, age and sex. route of administration, dosage/concentration, duration of treatment, drug nomenclature, and stamp and signature of the prescriber. Results: A total of 3,725 prescriptions were analyzed, in which 566 (15.19%) were not in compliance with the law, where most problematic were user identification (68.02%), date of prescription (34.1%). drug nomenclature (DCB/DCI) (18.02%), duration of treatment (13.96%) and dosage (10.6%). Conclusions: These results point to the need for permanent education and inspection strategies regarding compliance with the law to be developed more assiduously.


Introducción: El incumplimiento de la prescripción de medicamentos con la normativa que regula este proceso es una realidad del proceso asistencial. Objetivo: Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las prescripciones médicas y odontológicas del sistema primario de salud de la ciudad de Angicos-RN, de acuerdo con la legislación vigente. Métodos: Por tanto, se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio transversal. Se analizaron segundas copias de prescripciones y prescripciones especiales de control elaboradas por todos los médicos y odontólogos que laboran en la atención primaria de este municipio, de enero a junio de 2018. Se verificaron ítems como la presencia del nombre del paciente, edad, sexo, administración, dosis/concentración, duración del tratamiento, nomenclatura del fármaco, sello y firma del prescriptor. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 3.725 prescripciones, de las cuales 566 (15,19%) no cumplieron con la legislación, siendo más problemáticos los ítems identificación de usuario (68,02%), fecha de prescripción (34,1%), nomenclatura de medicamentos. DCB / DCI (18,02%), duración del tratamiento (13,96%) y posología (10,6%). Conclusiones: Estos resultados apuntan a la necesidad de que se desarrollen con mayor asiduidad estrategias de educación continua y de inspección sobre el cumplimiento de la legislación.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services , Drug Prescriptions , Primary Health Care
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(1): 46-: I-53, III, feb 2022. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1353491

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El tratamiento de la diarrea aguda se basa en prevenir la deshidratación, reducir la duración y gravedad de la enfermedad. El objetivo fue conocer los patrones de tratamiento ambulatorio de la diarrea aguda en <5 años. Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, mediante encuestas autoadministradas a pediatras de un hospital de niños de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se indagó: edad, sexo, lugar de trabajo, fuentes bibliográficas, indicación de tratamientos farmacológicos, no farmacológicos y medidas de prevención e higiene. Se evaluó la asociación entre prescripciones farmacológicas y características de los encuestados. Resultados. Respondieron 182/216 pediatras; la edad media fue 42,4 ± 10,24 años (el 78,6 %, mujeres); el 59,2 %, del sector público; el 22,4 %, de servicios de guardia. El 91,2 % consultaba guías/consensos. El 92,9 % prescribió fórmulas de rehidratación oral; el 46,2 %, antieméticos; el 43,4 %, antiácidos y/o protectores gástricos; el 35,7 %, probióticos, y el 30,7 %, cinc. El 91,7 % indicó realimentación precoz; el 96,7 %, lactancia materna y el 96-100 %, medidas de prevención e higiene. En el análisis multivariado, tener >40 años se asoció con prescribir antiácidos/protectores gástricos (odds ratio [OR] 2,6; 1,22-5,61), probióticos (OR 3,03; 1,34-6,83) y cinc (OR 0,39; 0,17-0,87); trabajar en el sector privado con prescribir probióticos (OR 3,05; 1,56-5,94) y en servicios de guardia, con prescribir antiácidos/ protectores gástricos (OR 2,60; 1,22-5,54). Conclusiones. El tratamiento se basó principalmente en hidratación, alimentación precoz y lactancia. La edad y el lugar de desempeño de los pediatras modifican el patrón de prescripción.


Introduction. The management of acute diarrhea is based on preventing dehydration and reducing disease duration and severity. The study objective was to establish the patterns for the outpatient management of acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years. Methods. Observational, analytical study using a self-administered survey among pediatricians from a children's hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Age, sex, place of work, bibliographic sources, indication of drug and non-drug therapies, and preventive and hygiene measures were recorded. The association between drug prescription and the characteristics of surveyed pediatricians was assessed. Results. In total, 182/216 pediatricians completed the survey. Their mean age was 42.4 ± 10.24 years; 78.6% were females; 59.2% worked in the public sector; 22.4% worked in the emergency department; and 91.2% consulted guidelines and/or consensuses. Also, 92.9% prescribed oral rehydration solutions; 46.2%, antiemetics; 43.4%, antacids and/or gastric protectors; 35.7%, probiotics; and 30.7%, zinc. Early food reintroduction was indicated by 91.7%; breastfeeding, by 96.7%; and preventive and hygiene measures, by 96-100%. The multivariate analysis showed an association between age > 40 years and prescribing antacids/ gastric protectors (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; 1.22-5.61), probiotics (OR: 3.03; 1.34-6.83), and zinc (OR: 0.39; 0.17-0.87); between working in the private sector and prescribing probiotics (OR: 3.05; 1.565.94); and between working in the emergency department and prescribing antacids/gastric protectors (OR: 2.60; 1.22-5.54). Conclusions. Treatment was mainly based on hydration, early food reintroduction, and breastfeeding. Age and work sector affected the prescription pattern.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Middle Aged , Outpatients , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Pediatricians/psychology , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Diarrhea/therapy , Hospitals, Pediatric
15.
BJHE - Brazilian Journal of Health Economics ; 14(Suplemento 1)Fevereiro/2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366672

ABSTRACT

Objective: Medication-related errors in patients are among the leading causes of preventable health damage and harm worldwide. In the United States, these errors cause at least one death a day and damage approximately 1.3 million people annually. According to the World Health Organization, the global expenditure on medication-related errors is estimated to be U$ 42 billion per year. In Brazil, the rate of potential drug interactions varies between 28% and 63.6% for primary care patients. The prevalence of drug interactions has increased following an aging population, increased chronic conditions, combined use of different drugs, and increased prescription drugs per patient. Methods: The data used for this study were obtained through the database from Nexodata do Brasil S.A a private health technology company with an electronic prescription system and a data intelligence area. Results: 65,867 electronic prescriptions were evaluated during 2019. Of these, 4,828 prescriptions had an average of 2.5 interactions. These interactive prescriptions were generated by 197 different doctors, totaling 24.5 prescriptions with interaction per doctor over 12 months. A total of 12,005 interactions were identified, 15.6% classified as mild, 70.9% as moderate, and 13.5% as severe. Conclusion: By implementing an electronic prescription tool, a reduction of 32.9% in the number of prescriptions with drug interaction was observed.

16.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 25(4): e007032, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1416883

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los Criterios de Beers son los más utilizados para evaluar el uso de medicación potencialmente inapropiada en grandes poblaciones, pero no contemplan algunos medicamentos de uso frecuente fuera de los EE.UU. Objetivo. Realizar una adaptación al contexto de Argentina de los Criterios de Beers publicados en 2019. Métodos. Fue elaborada una lista preliminar de medicación potencialmente inapropiada adaptada a la comercialización local, que luego fue consensuada por un panel de expertos (método Delphi). Resultados. De los 112 medicamentos originales listados en la tabla dos de los Criterios de Beers (en forma individual o como grupo), fueron excluidos 36 por no estar disponibles el país y fueron sumados 23 que no se comercializan en los EE.UU. pero sí en Argentina. Luego de dos rondas y de consensuar la suma a esta lista de dos grupos farmacológicos(antimigrañosos y vasodilatadores periféricos), fue acordado el agregado de picosulfato, bisacodilo, senósidos y cáscara sagrada como medicación potencialmente inapropiada en el grupo de agentes contra el estreñimiento, la fluoxetina entre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y el Ginkgo biloba como droga contra la demencia. También hubo consenso en advertir el riesgo de hipotensión ortostática asociado a la tamsulosina, en aconsejar la consideración de la carga anticolinérgica total del esquema terapéutico administrado y en recomendar al paracetamol como primera línea de tratamiento del dolor, asociado o no a opioides. Conclusiones. Contar con una versión de los Criterios de Beers 2019 adaptada al contexto de Argentina contribuirá al desarrollo y monitoreo de intervenciones para prevenir y reducir el consumo de medicación potencialmente inapropiada. (AU)


Introduction.The Beers Criteria is the most widely used criteria to assess the use of potentially inappropriate medication in large populations, but they do not include some medications that are frequently used outside the United States. Objective.To make an adaptation of the Beers Criteria published in 2019 to the context of Argentina. Methods. A preliminary list of potentially inappropriate medication adapted to local market and practice was designed, which was then agreed upon by a panel of experts (Delphi method). Results. Of the 112 original drugs in the table 2 of the Beers Criteria (individually or as a group), 36 were excluded because they were not available in Argentina and 23 locally marketed drugs but not in the US were included. After two rounds and agreeing to add two additional pharmacological groups to this list (antimigraine and peripheral vasodilators), it was decided to add picosulfate, bisacodyl, sennosides and cascara sagrada as potentially inappropriate medication in the group of anti-constipation agents, fluoxetine among. the selective serotonin reup take inhibitors and Ginkgo biloba as an anti-dementia drug. There was also consensus in warning about the risk of orthostatic hypotension associated with tamsulosin,in advising consideration of the total anticholinergic load of the therapeutic regimen administered, and in recommending paracetamol as the first line of pain treatment, associated or not with opioids. Conclusions. Having a version of the Beers Criteria 2019 adapted to the Argentine context will contribute to the development and monitoring of interventions to prevent and reduce the consumption of potentially inappropriate medication. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Prescriptions/standards , Prescription Drug Misuse/prevention & control , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/standards , Medication Systems/standards , Argentina , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Delphi Technique , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/statistics & numerical data , Medication Systems/statistics & numerical data
17.
HU rev ; 48: 1-8, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1371594

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O Brasil, assim como outros países, vem alterando seu perfil demográfico elevando o número de pessoas idosas, o que repercute em mudanças não só para sociedade, mas também para saúde pública. Este grupo de pacientes é mais vulnerável devido à fisiologia inerente ao envelhecimento, logo se tornam mais propensos ao uso de medicamentos que podem causar outros problemas de saúde. Essa probabilidade de risco é uma preocupação atual e levou a criação de métodos que norteiam os prescritores para adequarem suas terapêuticas neste grupo de pacientes. Um destes métodos é o critério de Beers, que é atualizado periodicamente trazendo uma lista de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPIs) para idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar a prescrição de pacientes idosos internados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF/Ebserh) quanto à prevalência do uso de MPI e polifarmácia, no período de julho a agosto de 2019. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo e retrospectivo, cujos dados foram coletados de prontuários pacientes idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos para obtenção dos resultados que foram avaliados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram avaliados 187 prontuários, e observada prevalência de 80,2% da prescrição de MPIs, sendo os mais prevalentes omeprazol e benzodiazepínicos. A maioria dos pacientes tiveram polifarmácia (95,7%). Conclusão: Os resultados convergem com base no critério de Beers, para necessidade de adequar a terapia de pacientes idosos. É necessário também avaliar os benefícios e alternativas quanto aos MPIs mais prevalentes, além de realizar estudos observacionais sobre possíveis efeitos adversos que possam ser consequência do uso desses medicamentos, com objetivo de aperfeiçoar a terapia farmacológica e aprimorar a farmacoeconomia, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida dos pacientes idosos.


Introduction: Brazil, like other countries, has been changing its demographic profile, increasing the number of elderly people, which reflects in changes not only for society, but also for public health. This group of patients is more vulnerable due to the inherent physiology of aging, so they become more likely to use medications that can cause other health problems. This risk probability is a current concern and has led to the creation of methods that guide prescribers to adapt their therapies in this group of patients. One of these methods is the Beers criterion, which is periodically updated with a list of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for the elderly. Objective: To evaluate the prescription of elderly patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF/Ebserh) regarding the prevalence of the use of PIM and polypharmacy, from July to August 2019. Material and Methods: Descriptive and retrospective observational study, whose data were collected from medical records of elderly patients aged 65 years or older to obtain the results that were statistically evaluated. Results: A total of 187 medical records were evaluated, and a prevalence of 80.2% of the prescription of PIMs was observed, the most prevalent being omeprazol and benzodiazepines. Most patients had polypharmacy (95.7%). Conclusion: The results converge, based on the Beers criterion, for the need to suit the therapy of elderly patients. It is also necessary to evaluate the benefits and alternatives regarding the most prevalent PIMs, in addition to conducting observational studies on possible adverse effects that may be a consequence of the use of these medications, aiming to refine pharmacological therapy and improve pharmacoeconomics, thus improving quality of life of elderly patients.


Subject(s)
Drug Prescriptions , Aging , Health of the Elderly , Polypharmacy , Drug Evaluation , Drug Therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Drug Utilization , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List , Hospitalization
18.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 36: e002, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1355930

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze possible associations between antibiotic dental prescriptions in the public health service, health service characteristics, and social characteristics of the municipalities. Using the register of dispensing in the public health service of a state in the Southeast region of Brazil, in 2017 we analyzed patterns of antibiotic prescriptions by dentists. Data were obtained from the Integrated Pharmaceutical Services Management System (SIGAF, in Portuguese). The outcome variable was the number of Daily Defined Doses (DDD) per 1,000 residents/year in each municipality. CART (Classification and Regression Tree) technique was used to determine the influence of the following variables: populational social characteristics (Human Development Index, Gini Index, the proportion of rural population and proportion of families benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program) and oral health services characteristics (access to individual dental care, number of dentists and oral health teams per 1,000 residents, and percentage of preventive and restorative individual dental procedures. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. Antibiotics were the medications most prescribed by dentists in the public health service, with penicillin being the most frequently prescribed class. The average DDD/1,000 residents/year for the 421 municipalities surveyed was 96.54 (range 0.008 and 619.660). Select factors were associated with antibiotic prescriptions including access to individual dental care (Adjusted p-value ≤0.001), a number of oral health teams/1,000 inhabitants (Adjusted p-value=0.001), and Gini Index (Adjusted p-value = 0.046). Access to oral health services and inequality were associated with the use of antibiotics.

19.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 49(4): e300, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1341239

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction A broad range of practices aimed at improving the effectives and safety of this process have been documented over the past few years. Objective To establish the effectiveness, safety and results of the implementation of these strategies in adult patients in university hospitals. Methodology A review of systematic reviews was conducted, in addition to a database search in the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Epistemonikos, LILACS and gray literature. Any strategy aimed at reducing prescription-associated risks was included as intervention. This review followed the protocol registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020165143. Results 7,637 studies were identified, upon deleting duplicate references. After excluding records based on titles and abstracts, 111 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Fifteen studies were included in the review. Several interventions grouped into 5 strategies addressed to the prescription process were identified; the use of computerized medical order entry systems (CPOE), whether integrated or not with computerized decision support systems (CDSS), was the most effective approach. Conclusions The beneficial effects of the interventions intended to the prescription process in terms of efficacy were identified; however, safety and implementation results were not thoroughly assessed. The heterogeneity of the studies and the low quality of the reviews, preclude a meta-analysis.


Resumen Introducción En los últimos años se han documentado gran variedad de prácticas dirigidas a mejorar la efectividad y la seguridad de este proceso. Objetivo Establecer la efectividad, seguridad y resultados de implementación de estas estrategias en pacientes adultos en hospitales universitarios. Metodología Se realizó una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas. Igualmente, la búsqueda en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Cochrane de Revisiones Sistemáticas, Medline, Embase, Epistemonikos, LILACS y literatura gris. Se incluyó como intervención cualquier estrategia dirigida a reducir el riesgo asociado a un error de prescripción. Esta revisión siguió el protocolo registrado en el Registro Prospectivo Internacional de Revisiones Sistemáticas (PROSPERO): CRD42020165143. Resultados Se identificaron 7.637 estudios después de eliminar las referencias duplicadas. Después de la exclusión de registros basados en títulos y resúmenes, se evaluaron 111 textos completos para elegibilidad. Se incluyeron quince estudios en la revisión. Se identificaron varias intervenciones agrupadas en 5 estrategias dirigidas al proceso de prescripción, de las cuales el uso de sistemas computarizados de entrada de órdenes médicas (CPOE) integrados o no a sistemas de soporte de decisión computarizados (CDSS) la estrategia más eficaz. Conclusiones Se identificaron efectos benéficos de las intervenciones dirigidas al proceso de prescripción en términos de eficacia; sin embargo, la seguridad y los resultados de implementación no fueron ampliamente evaluados. La heterogeneidad de los estudios y la baja calidad de las revisiones impiden la realización de un metaanálisis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Drug Prescriptions , Preventive Health Services , Hospitals, University , Medication Errors , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Medical Errors , Electronic Prescribing , Inappropriate Prescribing
20.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(2): 57-62, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284918

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prescription pattern of riluzol and the variables associated to its use in a population of patients with motor neuron disease affiliated to the Colombian General Social Security Health System (SGSSS) in 2017. METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Through a systemized data base of approximately 3,5 million members to the Colombian SGSSS; patients who had been given riluzol uninterruptedly between April 1 and June 30 of 2017, were selected. Sociodemographic, pharmacological variables and comorbidities were analyzed. Defined daily dose (DDD) was estimated for 1.000 inhabitants/day and its costs. RESULTS: There were found 81 patients with motor neuron disease receiving riluzol, with an average age of 60,8+12,6 years. 48.1% were male. The prevalence of motor neuron disease was 29/100.000 individuals. Patients received riluzol in 50 mg tablets and the doses was estimated in 0,016 DDD for 1.000 inhabitants/day 63% were receiving medicines that reflect comorbidity or could interact with riluzol. The total cost of riluzol dispensed in 2017 was USD 85.348 and per prescribed daily dose on average was USD 2,3. CONCLUSIONS: The use of riluzol in patients with motor neuron disease in Colombia was carried by the recommended doses by the WHO and with a direct cost lower than reported in other countries. Studies are recommended in order to determine the effectiveness of riluzol in real-life conditions.


RESUMEN OBJETIVOS: Determinar el patrón de prescripción de riluzol y las variables asociadas a su utilización en una población de pacientes con enfermedad de neurona motora afiliados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud de Colombia (SGSSS) en 2017. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Mediante una base de datos sistematizada de aproximadamente 3,5 millones de afiliados al SGSSS de Colombia; se seleccionaron pacientes a quienes se les haya dispensado riluzol de manera ininterrumpida entre 1 abril y 30 junio de 2017. Se analizaron variables socio-demográficas, farmacológicas y las comorbilidades. Se estimaron la dosis diaria definida (DDD) por 1.000 habitantes/día y los costos. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 81 pacientes con enfermedad de neurona motora recibiendo riluzol, con edad promedio de 60,8+12,6 años. El 48,1% eran hombres. La prevalencia de enfermedad de neurona motora fue 2,29/100.000 personas. Los pacientes recibieron riluzol en tabletas de 50 mg y se estimó la dosis en 0,016 DDD por 1.000 habitantes/día. El 63% recibían medicamentos que reflejan comorbilidad o pudieran tener interacción con riluzol. El costo total del riluzol dispensado en 2017 fue USD 85.348 y por dosis diaria prescrita en promedio fue USD 2,3. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de riluzol en pacientes con enfermedad de neurona motora en Colombia se realizó a las dosis recomendadas por la OMS y con un costo directo menor al reportado en otros países. Se recomienda realizar estudios que permitan determinar la efectividad del riluzol en condiciones de la vida real.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
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